What Is S100β？

S100 protein is composed of two subunits α and β, forming S100αα, S100αβ, and S100ββ. Among them, S100β (S100αβ and S100ββ) protein is also called central nervous system specific protein. It exists in large quantities in the central nervous system in the form of dimer activity and has a wide range of biological activities.

The content of S100-β protein in normal adult serum is less than 0.2ng/mL; when a person has mental disorders, brain damage (cerebral infarction, brain trauma, brain damage after cardiac surgery, etc.) or nerve damage, S100-β protein leaks from the cytosol into the cerebrospinal fluid, and then enters the blood through the damaged blood-brain barrier, resulting in an increase in the concentration of S100-β protein in the blood.

S100-β protein has the characteristics of convenient, rapid and strong specificity in detection, and has greater clinical value in early diagnosis of the disease, evaluation of prognosis, finding better treatment methods and adjusting treatment plans. Fully meeting the above requirements, the detection of S100-β protein to assess the extent and prognosis of brain damage is becoming a new hotspot.

Clinical application of S100β

As a biochemical marker of brain injury, S100-β protein has a certain time change pattern after brain injury, and is closely related to the degree of brain injury and prognosis. It has good stability. The detection of its concentration value is helpful to clinically judge the size of neural tissue lesions, treatment effects and prognosis.

1. Early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, judgment of injury degree and prognosis

Early diagnosis: Within 6 hours of brain trauma, the concentration of S100-β protein increases significantly, decreases significantly after 1 day, and a small peak appears after 2-3 days, which may be related to secondary brain injury caused by brain trauma.

Assessment of injury degree: When the degree of brain injury is different, the content of S100-β protein increases with the aggravation of the disease.

Judgment of prognosis: The higher the concentration of S100β protein, the worse the prognosis.

2. Early auxiliary diagnosis of acute stroke, assessment of brain damage, guidance of treatment, and assessment of prognosis

Cell damage during cerebral ischemia is a gradual process. After cerebral ischemia, reperfusion injury occurs, which causes cerebral edema to worsen, further increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, leading to an increase in S100β protein in the blood, and nerve cell damage may also last for a period of time. In addition to the primary damage of hematoma, the nerve damage of cerebral hemorrhage is more importantly secondary damage, mainly including cerebral edema, toxic damage to brain cells and secondary ischemia.

Early auxiliary diagnosis: After acute stroke, the concentration of S100β protein increases significantly within 8-24 hours.

Assessment of the degree of brain damage: After stroke, the concentration of S100-β protein reaches a peak at about 72 hours. CT shows that the volume of cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage is positively correlated with the peak value of S100β protein.

Guiding treatment: 72 hours after the stroke, the concentration of S100β protein gradually decreases as the condition improves.

Prognosis assessment: The peak concentration of S100-β protein is closely related to the patient's neurological dysfunction and recovery.

3. Early diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)

Early diagnosis: CT diagnosis should be performed after the physical signs are stable, that is, 4-7 days after birth. This may cause early HIE children to be missed and delay early treatment, and it has certain radioactivity. The S100β protein concentration increases to varying degrees in the early stages of HIE, which is inversely proportional to the Apgar score. Blood tests for S100β protein concentration have little damage, are easy to check, and can respond to brain damage early.

Severity judgment: The degree of increase in S100β protein concentration is closely related to the severity of the disease, and increases accordingly with the changes in the degree of HIE, that is, mild, moderate or severe.

Prognosis judgment: S100β protein concentration has important prognostic value for children with HIE, especially those with moderate or severe HIE. With the increase in S100β protein levels, the long-term sequelae or mortality of children with HIE are significantly higher than those of normal children.

The ReLIA s100β Immunoassay is CE-marked cleared. For more details on ReLIA s100β Immunoassay products and prices please contact us at  marketing@ReLIAchina.com

References

[1] Persson M, Nilsson J A, Nelson J J, et al.The epidemiology of Lp-PLA(2): distribution and correlation with cardiovascularrisk factors in a population-based cohort.[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2007,190(2):388-96.

[2] Gonçalves I, Edsfeldt A, Ko N Y, et al.Evidence supporting a key role of Lp-PLA2-generated lysophosphatidylcholine inhuman atherosclerotic plaque inflammation[J]. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis &Vascular Biology, 2012, 32(6):1505.

[3] Persson M, Hedblad B, Nelson J J, et al.Elevated Lp-PLA2 levels add prognostic information to the metabolic syndrome onincidence of cardiovascular events among middle-aged nondiabetic subjects.[J].Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis & Vascular Biology, 2007, 27(6):1411.